It would seem that the Indians confined their invasions into the county beyond the Blue Mountain before 1756, to the west of the Schuylkill. On the November 24, 1755, Conrad Weiser, Emanuel Carpenter, and Adam Simon Ruhm addressed communication to the Governor stating, since the last cruel murder committed by the enemy, most of the people of Tulpehocken have left their habitations those in Heidelberg moved their effects Bethel township is entirely deserted. This victory encouraged the Indians to move eastward, and it was this movement by them which threw terror into the quiet rural districts of this vicinity. The English, under General Braddock, were defeated by the French and Indians on the July 9, 1755, in the western part of the vicinity. The following forts were erected in the territory which was embraced in Berks County, the first four having been along the Blue Mountain, and the last at Shamokin (now Sunbury): Fort Henry (Bethel Township), Fort Dietrich Snyder (Broad Mountain, north of Fort Northkill), Fort Northkill (Upper Tulpehocken Township, near the Northkill, a branch of the Tulpehocken Creek), Fort Lebanon (on the forks of the Schuykill, beyond the Blue Mountain, near the outlet of the Little Schuykill), Fort Franklin (frontier of Berks County several miles above the Blue Mountain on Lizard Creek) and Fort Augusta. He would oversee the military intervention in the area and would communicate with the Governor of Pennsylvania about the attacks and invasions of the Delaware Indians. Colonel of the Second Battalion of the PA Regiment, which consisted of nine companies. Modern German Literature is the distillation of a lifetime's reading and teaching it is a rare feat by a unique scholar and fluent writer.As reported in the book, "The History of Berks County, Pennsylvania," by Morton Luther Montgomery, 1886, Conrad Weisner was appointed Lt. Minden's readings of the most influential examples of high and low German literary writing are uncompromisingly intelligent, memorably sententious, and nearly always invite contestation. "This synthetic account of 250 years of Europe's central literary culture is a history of modernity which shows how literature assimilated, anticipated, and countered the effects of rapid social change. In scrutinizing German literature as a variety of social and artistic practices, he offers refreshing perspectives on the interaction between writers, texts and readers." "Michael Minden's cultural history of modern German literature provides a rich context for astute and stimulating re-readings of canonical works. The book is eloquently written and challenging and will be a major contribution to German Studies and to Cultural Studies." "Minden's study is intellectually exciting, full of intriguing insights, opinionated and argumentative in the best sense. "A valuable contribution to cultural studies. The volume achieves a balance between textual analysis and cultural theory that gives it value as an introductory reference source and as an original study and as such will be essential reading for students and scholars alike. They are, first, Modernism (the 'Literature of Negation'), second, the literature of totalitarian regimes (Third Reich and German Democratic Republic), and third the various creative strategies and evasions of the capitalist democratic multi-medial cultures of the Weimar and Federal Republics. The book provides a compelling overview of the different ways in which German literature responded to historical disaster. It explains, for instance, how specifically German and Austrian conditions shaped major contributions to European literary culture such as Romanticism and the 'language scepticism' of the early twentieth century.įrom the First World War until reunification in 1990, Germany's defining experiences have been ones of catastrophe. This accessible and fresh account of German writing since 1750 is a case study of literature as a cultural and spiritual resource in modern societies.īeginning with the emergence of German language literature on the international stage in the mid-eighteenth century, the book plays down conventional labels and periodisation of German literary history in favour of the explanatory force of international cultural impact.
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